Naphtali Meshel's research focuses on the Hebrew Bible in its ancient Near Eastern contexts and on its early interpreters. His research interests include law, ritual, and mechanisms of double entendre in Biblical and early Jewish writings. Within the broader study of religion, he has a particular interest in Sanskrit literature. His first book, The Grammar of Sacrifice, examines the ancient intuition that sacrificial rituals, like languages, are governed by "grammars." He currently serves as Chair of the Department of Bible and is a member of the Department of Comparative Religion at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; he previously taught at the Russian State University for the Humanities and at Princeton University.